A fall webworm tent normally encloses the foliage at the end of a branch. The caterpillars can build large silk tents that sometimes spread over several branches. At maturity, the larvae may reach one inch in length. Throughout their development, the caterpillars are able to make distinct jerking movements in unison if the nest is disturbed.

Figure 28. 

Figure 29. 

Management

Biological control

Parasitoids attacking Hyphantria cunea include

Diptera:

Tachinidae: Exorista japonica Townsend, Lespesia frenchii (Williston), Mericia ampelus (Walker), Pales pavida Meigen, Zanillia libatrix Panz

Hymenoptera:

Braconidae: Aleiodes malacosomatos Mason, Aleiodes sanctihyacinthi (Provancher), Apanteles diacrisiae Gahan, Apanteles hyphantriae Riley, Microplitis hyphantriae, Meteorus bakeri Cook and Davis, Meteorus hyphantriae Riley

Chalcididae: Brachymeria obscurata (Walker)

Eulophidae: Baryscapus esurus (Riley), Chouioia cunea Yang, Elachertus hyphantriae Crawford

Ichneumonidae: Campoplex validus Cress, Casinaria genuina (Norton), Casinaria limenitidis Howard, Coccygomimus disparis (Viereck), Coelichneumon navus (Say), Enicospilus glabratus Say, Hyposoter fugitivus (Say), Hyposoter rivalis (Cresson), Hyposoter pilosulus Provancher, Itoplectis inquisitor Say, Pimpla turionellae Linnaeus, Sinophorus validus (Cresson), Therion morio (Fabricius), Therion sassacus Vier, Vulgichneumon brevicinctor (Say)

Pteromalidae: Dibrachys cavus (Walker)

Torymidae: Monodontomerus minor (Ratzeburg)

Trichogrammatidae: Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura

Figure 30. 

Figure 31. 

Figure 32. 

Chemical control

Florida Insect Management Guide for Commercial Foliage and Woody Ornamentals

Florida Insect Management Guide for Pecans

Selected References

Franz JM. 1961. Biological control of pest insects in Europe. Annual Review of Entomology 6: 183-200.

Heppner JB. 2007. The Lepidoptera of Florida: Introduction and catalog, Part 1. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. 670 pp.

Ito Y, Shibazaki A, Iwahashi O. 1969. Biology of Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae) in Japan. IX. Population Dynamics. Researches on Population Ecology (Kyoto) XI: 211-228.

Morris RF. 1963. Synonymy and color variation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Canadian Entomologist 95: 1217-23.

(MPG) Moth Photographers Group. (2010). 930319 – 8140 – Hyphantria cunea – (Drury, 1773). North American Moth Photographers Group. http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/species.php?hodges=8140 (13 December 2010).

Takeda M. 2005. Differentiation in life cycle of sympatric populations of two forms of Hyphantria moth in central Missouri. Journal of Entomological Science 8: 211-218.

Wagner DL. 2005. Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press. Princeton, 512 pp.

Yang ZQ, Zhang YA. 2007. Researches on techniques for biocontrol of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, a severe invasive insect pest to China. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology 44: 465-471.

 منبع

برای دیدن تصاویر بیشتر کلیک کنید